The World Health Organization (WHO) has released updated guidelines on reducing the risk of dementia. According to the new report, up to 45% of dementia cases could be prevented or delayed by addressing certain risk factors. Dementia affects more than 57 million people worldwide, with nearly 10 million new diagnoses each year. Alzheimer's disease is the most common form, accounting for 60-70% of cases.
While there is no cure for dementia, the WHO emphasizes that many risks are modifiable. Key recommendations include increasing physical activity, quitting tobacco, reducing alcohol consumption, eating a healthy diet, and avoiding air pollution. Managing health conditions like high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol can also help. Hearing aids may be offered as part of risk-reduction strategies.
The WHO advises cognitive training and social engagement for adults with normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment. However, the guidelines do not recommend vitamin B, E, omega-3 supplements, or multivitamins unless a deficiency is diagnosed, as there is no evidence they reduce risk and may cause harm.
Dementia imposes a heavy burden on individuals, families, and economies. It costs the global economy an estimated $1.3 trillion annually, with about half from unpaid care by families. The updated guidelines aim to help countries implement evidence-based actions to protect cognitive health and reduce the future impact of dementia.